Famous Birthday Quotes From the Famous

Famous Birthday Quotes From the Famous When you are a kid, each birthday is a high point of the year- your own special day, with cake, ice cream, a party, and presents. And you are the absolute star for a day. As you get older, the milestones matter- ages 18, 21, 30, 40 and so on through the decades. As those numbers get bigger, some feel an intense need to ignore this most personal and important holiday, all your own, while others celebrate each one to the max. As Abraham Lincoln said, And in the end, its not the years in your life that count, its the life in your years. Make a toast to that. Excellent advice. What would it be like if Plato or Jonathan Swift wished you a happy birthday? Would it make you feel special? Here are some uplifting famous birthday quotes  from some famous people. The authors might not be around to give their wishes to you personally, but their heartfelt birthday greeting could make you feel on top of the world. Famous Birthday Quote William Butler Yeats: From our birthday, until we die, / Is but the winking of an eye.Plato: Old age: A great sense of calm and freedom. When the passions have relaxed their hold, you may have escaped, not from one master but from many.Pope John XXIII: Men are like wine. Some turn to vinegar, but the best improve with age.Jonathan Swift: May you live all the days of your life.No wise man ever wished to be younger.Tom Stoppard: Age is a high price to pay for maturity.  John P. Grier: You are only young once, but you can be immature for a lifetime.Titus Maccius Plautus: Let us celebrate the occasion with wine and sweet words.Lucille Ball: The secret to staying young is to live honestly, eat slowly, and lie about your age.  J. P. Sears: Let us respect gray hairs, especially our own.George Burns: Nice to be here? At my age, its nice to be anywhere.Robert Browning: Grow old along with me! The best is yet to be, the last of life, for which the first was made.Mark Twain: Age is a case o f mind over matter. If you dont mind, it doesnt matter. Madeleine LEngle: The great thing about getting older is you dont lose all the other ages youve been.Decimus Magnus Ausonius: Let us never know what old age is. Let us know the happiness time brings, not count the years.William Shakespeare: With mirth and laughter let old wrinkles come.Lucy Larcom: Whatever with the past has gone, the best is always yet to come.  Charles Schulz: Just remember, once youre over the hill you begin to pick up speed.Brigitte Bardot: Every age can be enchanting, provided you live within it.Satchel Paige: How old would you be if you didnt know how old you are?Ethel Barrymore: You grow up the day you have the first real laugh at yourself.Bob Hope: You know you are getting old when the candles cost more than the cake.Bernard Baruch: We grow neither better nor worse as we get old, but more like ourselves.

Watches Western Civilization Essays

Watches Western Civilization Essays Watches Western Civilization Essay Watches Western Civilization Essay History of Clocks As long as 4000 years ago, the Babylonian priests of Mesopotamia began a careful and systematic study of the movements and patterns of the sun, moon, stars, and seasons. They folded all of their accumulated knowledge into a calendar, which very much resembles the one that we use today. The Babylonians established a system of timekeeping based on twelve months, seven days per week, and twenty four hour long days. In fact, the only thing that is different between the ancient calendar and the one we use today is that the Babylonians assigned thirty days to each month. When they realized that was about five days too few, they added a thirteenth month to the calendar every six years. The Romans modified this to have months of varying lengths within a twelve-month framework, and from then on, we have universally used the same standard divisions to track time. From then on gifted minded individuals searched for a mechanism to use for accurate timekeeping, which led us to the origins of the clock. By 1500, most villages across Europe consisted of a large clock tower, as well as watchman who would call out the time periodically through out the day. At the time larger perpetual clocks tended to be fairly inaccurate, but there was an interest among the mechanically inclined to come up with newer and smaller versions for accurate personal use. It was around this time that a locksmith from Nuremberg, Germany named Peter Henlein invented the first pocket watch. Unlike a large clock which was driven by weights, Henleins small portable clocks were powered by a coiled mainspring used in conjunction with a ratchet system. The incredible thing is that the mechanism used in the very first watch is not all that different from the way in which many watches are run today. From the earliest days of mankind, people have been interested in time. Dating well before written history, humans were believed to have used the movement of the sun and the moon to tell time. The original timepiece was the sundial, but as civilization grew more complicated, so did their need to have accurate way to keep track of the hours and minutes of the day. This is the fascinating history and modern life of a brilliant invention that most of us take for granted: THE WATCH! I LOVE WATCHES!! Watches improved with the Nuremberg eggs as the first watches were known to be large oval esigns, they were worn on a belt or neck chain. They had no crystal covering the face, and only the hour hand. The early watches were far from accurate timekeepers: there was really no point in having a minute hand, let alone a second hand. They were entirely handmade, primarily of iron components assembled with pins and rivets. Within 50 years, the iron works were replaced with brass fittings. It was also around this time that the Swiss watch industry was born. In 1525 a Swiss mechanic living Prague named Jacob Zech invented a component that revolutionized matchmaking. It was called the fuse, and it was an element which solved as normous problem with early watches: as they would wind down the movement of the hour hand also slowed down. The Fusee, which was perfected by another Swiss man named Gruet, equalized the inner mechanism of the watch and thereby dramatically improved the timekeeping ability of the piece. Watches before the fusse more functional. Toa point that is: it was not until early 1700s that watches became precise enough to warrant including a minute hand. In the 1600s, watches really took off in popularity. It might not occur to a modern reader that only a select few had watches in the 17th Century, they were prohibitively expensive and were nly owned by the nobility. Wearing a watch was a status symbol, a sign of wealth and importance. The most interesting thing about that fact is that even today a high end watch is every bit a status sign as it was in the 17th Century. Royals and their watches, in the 1600s watches were considered toys for the nobility. Each watch was entirely hand made with a large price tag to match. The aristocracy treated their watches as any other decorative accessory in their Jewelry box, an adornment to enhance their outfits, not a functional necessity. Because the watch was viewed as ewelry, watch makers came up with increasingly beautiful designs to entice their wealthy clients to want them. They were designed to be wearable works of art and tied in with the other fashion of the day. Watches were created to resemble tiny insects, flowers, musical instruments and animals. Mary Queen of Scots was even known to have had one in the shape of a skull in her Jewelry collection. fledging watch making industry was largely based in England, France, and The Switzerland. Each nation had its own unique style when it came to creating timepieces. English watches tended to be heavy, sturdy and reliable. Swiss watches were renowned for their accuracy Just as they are today. In France, the emphasis was on creating exquisitely beautiful cases, something which they did exceedingly well. French watches were handmade in interesting sculptural forms, hand painted with remarkable tiny scenes, and decorated with the finest available materials, such as enamel. Tortoiseshells and precious gems. Being a Swiss watchmaker in Geneva was a highly respectable position in society. Precision and well executed technique were highly prized by the Swiss, and the men who made the watches had these qualities in abundance. It was a Swiss man named Nicholas Facio who invented a technique that is still the gold standard in watch making today: the use of rubies and sapphires inside the watch workings. The precious gems were not placed inside the watches to make them more valuable, but rather to reduce the friction of the internal mechanisms. Holes could be drilled in the tiny gems and bearings placed into the centers to reduce friction. The ingenious idea reduced the wear and tear on the watches and made them more accurate timekeepers. Nearly four hundred years later, Geneva is still the world capital of top quality watches. As time passed and new technologies were adopted in the leading countries of , the Swiss , the French and eventually also the Americans adapted new technologies that made their watches lighter, thinner, and quicker to produce, the English stubbornly stuck with their tried and true techniques, which led to the eventual demise of the English watch industry. Water clocks are sometimes still used today, and can be examined in places such as ancient castles and museums. The Salisbury Cathedral Clock built in 1386, is considered to be the worlds oldest surviving mechanical clock that strikes the hours. Between 1280 and 1320, there is an increase in the number of references to clocks and horologes in church records, and this probably indicates that a new type of clock mechanism had been devised. Existing clock mechanisms that used water power controlled by some form of oscillating mechanism, probably derived from existing bell-ringing or alarm devices. This controlled release of power the escapement- marks the beginning of the true mechanical clock. Besides the Chinese astronomical clock, in Europe there were the clocks constructed by Richard of Wallingford in St Albans and by Giovanni de Dondi in Padua from 1348 to 1364. They no longer exist, but detailed descriptions of their design and construction survive, and modern reproductions have been made. They illustrate how quickly the theory of the mechanical clock had been translated into practical constructions, and also that one of the many impulses to their development had been the desire of astronomers to investigate celestial phenomena. Wallingfords clock had a large astrolabe-type dial, showing the sun, the moons age, phase, and node, a star map, and possibly the planets. In addition, it had a wheel of fortune and an indicator of the state of the tide t London Bridge. Bells rang every hour, the number of strokes indicating the time. Dondis clock was a seven-sided construction, 1 meter high, with dials showing the time of day, including minutes, the motions of all the known planets, an automatic calendar of fixed and movable feasts, and an eclipse prediction hand rotating once every 18 years. It is not known how accurate or reliable these clocks would have been. They were probably adjusted manually every day to compensate for errors caused by wear and imprecise manufacture. The measurement of time all starts with the number 12! Youll notice that 60 and 24 share a factor of 12 (the greatest common multiple, if you want to dig all the way to elementary school math). 12 is a generally useful number, a good size for things. Its not too few, and not too many to wrap your head around. Its got 3 divisors (two 2s and a 3, which lets you break things into small units in several different ways) compared to 10, which only has 2 and 5. So early peoples often broke things into 12s, which gave it an almost magical air (12 zodiac signs, 12 people in a Jury, 12 tribes of Israel and 12 apostles). We get 12 months out of the 12 zodiac signs. That made 12 a nice number to divide the day into, so you can have half-days, quarter-days, and thirds-of-a-day Just by counting hours (and easy to compute on a sundial). The Egyptians did that as early as 1500 BC. The Greeks added another 12 to count the hours of the night. (Who needed to count hours at night? You are supposed to be asleep, since its dark out! ) That gives us 24 hours. 60 minutes to the hour comes from the same sort of thinking, but was actually originally different. 360 is a good number for examining a circle: each of the angles of an equilateral triangle is 60 degrees, and 6 of those make up a circle. Equilateral triangles are very easy to draw precisely using primitive equipment. There are 60 degrees in the each corner of an equilateral triangle because 60 starts with that same 12 and adds another factor of 5, which lets you divide 60 up into lots and lots of useful things. So Greek astronomers subdivided the whole world into 360 degrees, the first division of that into 60 parts was called the first minute and the next division of each of second Just like we do today in measuring degrees, minutes, and seconds on a map. The application of those to time came along later.

American Apparel Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Apparel - Assignment Example This leadership style could be disadvantageous when American Apparel expands in future. Thus in the subsequent years, it is necessary that the management of American Apparel makes serious attempts to separate the repute and corporate image of the company from the personal life of Dov Charney. Moreover, with the growth and expansion of American Apparel, it would be advisable to shift towards a flatter hierarchy of business management. The success of the business strategies of a company depends on the alignment of the strategies with the core business strengths of the company. This is because the consideration of the strengths of the company while planning its future business strategies would ensure that American Apparel sustains its competitive advantage over time. The strategies that America Apparel should pursue in consideration to its unique business strengths in order to ensure future success are discussed as follows: American Apparel had always concentrated on the market segment comprising of young adults and believed that there was enormous potential for high quality and elegant fashion essentials in this segment (American Apparel, 2011). The designs as well as aesthetics of the products offered by American Apparel should hence be attractive and alluring to the young and urban adults. American Apparel should offer a line of iconic and everlasting styles for their target segment throughout the year in an extensive assortment of colours. They should also make an attempt to price their offerings at a reasonable rate. This would facilitate the sustainability of American Apparel over time. The advertisement campaigns of an organization communicate an exclusive and specific brand image of the business that differentiates it from its peers (Shah, & D’Souza, 2009). American Apparels’ advertising campaigns should attempt to build a connection with its target customers.

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Final - Essay Example There were several aspects responsible for the ineffectiveness that was part of Decision Tech. one of the elements related to effective teams is that combination of people results in better and more efficient work while individualistic work is not as productive. In comparison, the employees within Decision Tech were simply busy in leg pulling, competing against each other and not trusting each other to function as a coherent and cohesive team. Team mates are supposed to nurture and help each other grow in order to be an effective team. However, in Decision Tech this was not the case at all, as most employees were busy with their own work to focus on anyone else. Each member was focused on making sure they could get ahead instead. This was a clear situation where the organizational performance was being jeopardized. The executive team was such that people would call them the staff within the organization. The main reasons behind this were that the executive body would fight against each other, not letting the other succeed. As a result, in most meetings, it was noticed that the executive team could not come to any mutual decisions successfully. Individually, each person was brilliant in his or her job and was working perfectly fine for the organization, however, collectively, they were not being productive as a team. The team had developed a culture of its own where it was hostile and silent in most cases and the team could not perform well due to these issues in the culture of the executive team. Most elements of the norming stage were not even reached where the team would tend to ignore differences and move towards cohesiveness. Instead, the team was primarily stuck in the forming stage where the team mates were still trying to adjust to each other and were more inclined to work independently than as a team. It was noted that the team had not reached all the four stages of team development at all. From the four stages of team development, the executive team at

Administrative Theory Essay Example for Free

Administrative Theory Essay The issue about the ability of public servants to serve the best interest of the public through a solid public governance and administration system has always been an important point in related debates and discussions. In this paper, the focus will be on the role of the Administrative Theory, its related perspectives and paradigm, and how disaster response actions act as a mirror reflecting the state of public service, and the significance (or lack of) of the Administrative Theory in today’s world. Disasters, some say, bring out the best in everyone. If this was true, then the worst disasters can be used to gauge public service and the ability and competence of public servants as well as the use and significance of dogmas, structures, policies, beliefs and design of pubic administration in the modern day life. An example of one of the deadliest modern day natural disaster is Hurricane Katrina. See more: The Issues Concerning Identity Theft Essay â€Å"Hurricane Katrina may be the largest natural disaster in dollar terms in U. S. history, with damage exceeding $50 billion (Birkland, 2006, p. 105). † Hurricane Katrina, for its ferocity, strength, and extent of damage is a good case study in the assessment of public service doctrine use and compatibility, as well as the competence and ability of the people working under these public service perspectives to cope and cooperate successfully under a pre-defined dogma. Ideally, the Administrative Theory was designed so that a particular process and protocol is established so that actions of different individuals, serving to be able to accomplish one purpose, are constructive and contributing towards the achievement of a particular goal, in essence making the theory the catalyst of the start of a process that can provide assistance. The Administrative Theory, as an idea, is always expected to influence constructive and positive output from any endeavor (i. e. response to a natural disaster). But in application, the use of the existing paradigm for Administrative Theory is not always assisting the efforts during a natural disaster. Sometimes it also hinders the effective delegation of assistance and response by individuals and agencies during a natural disaster because it is incomplete and not fully suitable for the present design of local and federal governance as it is applied in the United States. The best example to use as a case study to determine Administrative Theory’s characteristic as being unsuitable and incomplete when used in the current system of governance in the United States is the administration problems that happened during the Hurricane Katrina disaster response and management. Following the idea of the Administrative Theory, members of the agencies responsible for responding to the victims of Hurricane Katrina should have effortlessly handled the situation considering that everyone has a task to fulfil. What the Administrative Theory failed to discuss and include in its parameters is the complexity brought about by inter-agency operation present during the Hurricane Katrina disaster management action and similar incidents. Because of the rigors of the Administrative Theory and the limitations that are found in the theory’s nature and essence, how the people acted and reacted with each other during the disaster response was far from being smooth and flawless. In the assessment of the Hurricane Katrina public administration efforts for disaster response and assistance, observers can see that in employing the ideas found in the Administrative Theory (as well as with consideration to other factors too), the situation became more problematic and complicated. â€Å"Then Hurricane Katrina slammed into the coasts of Louisiana and Mississippi, virtually destroying New Orleans and many smaller communities along the Gulf Coast. Although arguments continued long afterward about the adequacy of federal, state , and local emergency response, in the minds of many Americans government had failed its most basic responsibility: to help its citizens in a time of dire need and to protect them from further harm (Stivers, 2008, p. 73). † Because of this, it can be considered that the Administrative Theory can be considered as a source of hindrance and not a source of assistance in the effective action during natural disaster response, assistance and management. What are the issues? There is just one important issue that is connected with the assessment of the impact of the Administrative Theory and the disaster management during Hurricane Katrina. This is the assessment of the administrative aspect of the local and federal government, and why many individuals believe that in general such efforts failed. The Hurricane Katrina and how the government (local and federal) responded, cooperated and interacted during the disaster management efforts provided a classic case wherein administrative theories and its use or absence is seen and reflected. The issue focuses on the fact that despite the country’s capability – material and theoretical – to respond well and effectively during disasters like Hurricane Katrina. The effort was considered as a failure, owed largely to the role of the existing public administration approach. The presence of Administrative Theory aspects, in this case, and how this particular disaster management effort brings to light what is lacking in the current public administration theories and models. The realization, all in all, is that the ensuing complexity of local and federal governance makes elusive the perfect formula for effective public administration and governance in different levels, including disaster response and management. â€Å"People who study and practice administration often take the view, perhaps only half-consciously, that if only the right formula for organizing work and assigning responsibility can be found, things will fall into place and everything will run smoothly or, at least, more so than before. Many of the post-Katrina criticisms levelled at governments have centered on failure to coordinate rescue efforts. These charges reflect the continuing belief in the power of the right system. Certainly they mark the belief that there is a right system (Stivers, 2008, p. 73). † Who are the actors? In the assessment of the Hurricane Katrina and the assessment of the Administrative Theory perspective in the effort to provide disaster response, assistance and management in the location of the disaster, it is important to identify the actors (individuals and agencies) who took part in the effort who may or may not be responsible not only for what measure of success there is in the endeavor but also in the failure of the parameters and perspective of the Administrative Theory in this particular scenario. The Administrative Theory talks about roles and responsibilities, but it did not explain how complexities of these things should be addressed during interagency response to natural disasters, something that happened during Hurricane Katrina. â€Å"Interagency relationships lead to well documented problems associated with unclear authority and responsibility. The House committee examining the government response to Hurricane Katrina blames all levels of government, from the White House, to Governor Kathleen Blanco of Louisiana, to Mayor Ray Nagins of New Orleans, for the delayed response to the storm (Callahan, 2006, p. 139). † This is just a ballpark assessment of the list of characters involved who also contributed to the failure of the disaster rescue and assistance action, despite administrative practices and because of the incompetence of such measures in handling real life scenario. Other participants are identified by the National Response Plan (NRP) program of the government, which identifies the federal as well as non federal agencies and organizations which should be involved in the time of disaster management (Hogan, Burnstein, 2007, p. 151). But NRP in itself was considered by some as problematic. â€Å"As Hurricane Katrina plowed ashore, this cumbersome and contradictory schematic of national disaster response was about to be put to a stern test (Cooper, Block, 2007, p. 130). † There are also some other actors who are involved in this interagency action and it included government entities (military, paramedic, search and rescue units, office of the mayor and governor, etc) as well as private (NGOs and private citizens). What leads the various actors to make the choices or take the positions that they do? There are several reasons that could answer the question about the motivation of the actors to act or decide as they did at the height of the Hurricane Katrina. This may include accountability, responsibility, initiative, instinct or even the sense of direction coming from an existing protocol and systematic approach to problems such as this. How each actor weighs each and any of these is another consideration. Some of these maybe personal forces (i. e. instinct, initiative, a sense of ethics and responsibility, personal clarity of mind and sense of direction during crisis, etc), while other possible motivation maybe organization forces. There are also other reasons, like the absence of a possible course of action that directs everyone involved inside a particular course of action for this eventuality. â€Å"The NRP offers no clear guidance on what distinguishes a run-of-the-mill disaster from a catastrophic event. But generally, catastrophic events imperil the national leadership, echo through the national economy and cause national disruptions (Cooper, Block, 2007, p. 130). † What are the organizational forces? Even if there were aspects of the Administrative Theory in use during the effort to provide assistance to the victims of Hurricane Katrina which can be categorized as organization forces, some of these aspects maybe considered useless as well because these forces (like the push and pull of the initiatives and information of the people working under the system) are not properly acted upon. Take for example, the characteristic of the Administrative Theory about the idea of chain of command and information sharing based on a ladder-type hierarchy. This aspect was in use, pre-Katrina, as well as during and after the Katrina crisis. But critics believe that it was a failure nonetheless because the response of the individuals to the information shared through the chain of command was not properly acted upon. Because of this, there were feelings of dismay and low moral, and some people integral in this chain of command, realizing the breakdown and futility of such design, resigned from their position. â€Å"Matthew Broderick, head of the DHS Operations Directorate and the HSOC, resigned effective March 31, 2006, following the House of Representatives report on Katrina, which singled him out for failing to inform high-level officials of Katrinas devastating impacts William Carwile, a veteran FCO who had been put in charge of the Katrina response for Mississippi and who had struggled to inform the administration that Katrinas impacts were truly catastrophic, resigned his post and left government service shortly after Katrina (Tierney, Bevc, 2007, p. 48). † What are the external forces? While external forces were hardly discussed as source of the failure of the operation to answer the devastation of Katrina immediately and in the long term, there may also be external forces at play in this situation. This may include the presence of political consideration of political leaders that could have affected and influenced the actions that they took during the disaster. Foreign aid and support, as well as foreign pressure, and the threats coming from the outside which may aggravate the situation inside Mississippi and New Orleans, may have also contributed to the turn out of the rescue and assistance efforts.

Different Texts, Similar Themes :: essays research papers

Today and forever in the future we will look back and reflect on the past, the good experiences, the bad experiences. However, the bad experiences always seem to be the most remembered. This is because the bad experiences the world has suffered have been horrific in many cases and have ultimately changed the way we live today. Authors and composers continue to recap the happenings of the past through novels, reports, movies, articles and much more. But do they really grasp the ideas? Do they really know how the people of the world suffered in the recounts they produce, when they really happened? It appears today that some composers have more ideas than others, what life was really like in these times and the way they present their work shows this. Two of many examples convey the times of the past to do with dehumanisation include; â€Å"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich† by Alexsandr Solzhenitsyn and the film â€Å"Schindler’s List† directed by Steven Spielberg. Schindler’s List is the true story of Oskar Schindler, a very well respected man. A native German, he relocated to Corocon, Poland after it fell into German hands so he could capitilise on Jewish labour at slave wages. There he established an enamelware factory and made obscene amounts of money, while wining, dining and bribing nazi officials to get his way. But while Schindler was profiting from the Jews work, he became disgusted by the way they were being treated. He slowly became more sympathetic towards the Jews, his attitude changing while realizing that what was happening was wrong and that he could do something about it. He began to use his money and his influence to bring more Jews into his factory, a haven where they were not beaten or killed. Or as Mr Welsh placed it; â€Å"Schindler used his power to gain things for himself then used it for the Jews†. â€Å"By the end of World War II., Schindler’s List of Jews to be saved had grown to over 1,000, and he ended up spending his entire future to buy their lives from the Nazi’s.† Solzheitsyn’s novel; is based around the camp life of some political prisoners who were being prosecuted under Stalin’s rulings. These â€Å"prison camps† were initiated by Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 until 1956, who constructed one of the tightest and toughest Communisim’s in history. In relation to this book; being a prisoner at a â€Å"special camp† meant that you had rebelled against Stalin’s system of government and you could face imprisonment unjustly with sentences for as long as 25 years.

Farms to Cities

For most American’s, lifestyles changed dramatically for those who were used to living on the farm. Farmland started changing to the urbanization of the cities from the late 1860’s to the 1920’s. Due to the mass increase of immigration, both the â€Å"Old Immigration† and the â€Å"New Immigration† gained new opportunities due to the Second Industrial Revolution. This included the introduction new technology and innovations, and the creation of factories and the assembly line and mass production, and a new urbanized lifestyle. The city became a new and worthy opportunity for those who formerly worked on a farm. By 1925 the city, and not the farm, had become the basic reality for most Americans because of the Second Industrial Revolution, the mass immigration, and the opportunity for greater wages. The Second Industrial Revolution is considered to have begun in the 1860’s. New technologies and innovations such as the Bessemer steel converter, the internal combustion engine, the production and refining of oil and gasoline, the telegraph, the radio, electricity and the American system of manufacturing were created in the mid to late 19th century. The Bessemer converter worked by blowing air through holes at the bottom of the convertor to create a reaction that oxidizes the silicon and excess carbon which converted it to pure steel or iron. This machine allowed a lowered price on steel and iron as well as speed in production. This was a major contributor to the production of railroads. The expansion of the railroads greatly increased from 1860 to 1920. Railroads tripled from 1860 to 1880 and then doubled again by 1920. The railroads lowered the cost of shipping which enabled the cheaper movement of raw materials that would be used in factories. These new tracks also connected isolated towns to larger markets which allowed them access to new materials they could not have before. Larger cities had an expansion of better transportation systems, such elevated railways and subways and road way systems for the bicycle craze of the 1890’s. These innovations introduce in the 1880’s such as the American system of manufacturing substantially increased the productivity in the sewing and bicycle industries. A major development in the manufacturing methods of the Second Industrial Revolution was introduction of electricity to factories. This enabled the factories to utilize the new innovations of the assembly line and mass production. New Factories were starting to pop up in many cities in the Northeast sections of the United States. Since more and more factories were being built, they needed more and more workers to help run the factory and to keep it stable. These factories created many new job opportunities for those that were considered middle class. Wages were much higher compared to farming jobs and local small town jobs. There were two types of workers, skilled workers and unskilled workers. The skilled workers were very good at what they did and instructed the unskilled workers to perform simple task and to repeat it over and over again. This soon created the assembly line which helped the skilled worker get his job done faster since all the unskilled workers were helpingthe small task move along so the skilled worker could finish the project. Many of the unskilled workers were tired of repeating these motions and wanted to gain a skill set to become more valuable and earn higher wages. Therefore some of the first colleges were created to help teach these unskilled men new skill sets. Also, the workers in the factories created a new market demand for things such as housing, grocery stores, and department stores. Because of this new market demand, the US economy grew immensely from the late 1860’s to the 1920’s.

Definition of Curriculum Paper Essay

In describing the definition of curriculum there are several definitions. It can be describe as a formal education, a planned interaction of pupils with structural content materials, the curriculum as resources and processes for evaluating the attainment of educational objectives and outcomes. Some Educators definition of curriculum is based on individual philosophical beliefs and the emphasis placed on specific aspects of education. The processes and experiences to facilitate learning for traditional and adult learners, resources used and the extent of responsibility for learning assumed by the teacher and the learner (Billings & Halstead, 2009). There are various types of curriculum such as, official operational, illegitimate and hidden curriculum. An official curriculum includes the stated curriculum framework with philosophy and mission with lists of outcomes, competencies and objectives. The illegitimate curriculum is know and actively taught by faculty yet not evaluated because descriptors of the behaviors are lacking, such as caring. The hidden curriculum consists of values and beliefs taught through verbal and nonverbal communication by the faculty. Faculty may be unaware of what is taught through expressions, priorities, and interactions with students (Billings & Halstead, 2009). Curriculum Focus My curriculum focus would be technical education curriculum geared towards knowledge and skill building to prepare for employability. The vocational and technical areas are great beginnings for those students with limited financial resources and primary educational training. The technical curriculum empowers students and encourages to be successful contributors for their communities. The need for technical trained personnel is  increasing and technical trained personnel are employed sooner than those graduating from college. There is an increasing need for colleges and technical training institutes to update their curriculum so that it reflects the growth in technology (Howell, 2005, para. 1). References Billings, D. M., & Halstead, J. A. (2009). Curriculum Development. In Teaching in Nursing: A Guide For Faculty (4th ed., pp. 75-83). Howell, R. (2005). Designing and Developing Technical Curriculum: Finding the Right Subject Matter Expert. Retrieved , from

Psychology Today essays

Psychology Today essays We believe this anger over childhood sexual abuse is repressed until a time later in life, when it is triggered or permitted expression, as in psychotherapy. Pribor and Dinwiddie (1992) interviewed women incest survivors (N = 52, ages [is greater than or equal to] 23) to understand more precisely the psychiatric illnesses associated with child sexual abuse. Findings showed incest survivors had more anxiety, depression, and alcohol abuse than the women who did not have histories of sexual abuse. Briere (1989) discussed the effects of childhood sexual abuse on sexuality, and believes women may come to see sex as a potentially dangerous experience they use to achieve other goals such as money, security, or control over others. Blume (1990) wrote that sex can be seen by survivors as a substitute for unmet needs for human contact and affection. Finkelhor and Browne (1985) suggested that one result of childhood sexual abuse is revictimization that further damages the individual. Kitchens (1994) explored the psychosocial consequences of abuse on women, as well as the resulting sexual dysfunction once sexual victimization occurs. The author described the severity of these consequences as varying greatly depending on degree and duration of abuse, as well as the emotions surrounding the abuse. According to Depanfilis (1987), the ways a child reacts to the sexual abuse will depend on the age of the child, the relationship of the child to the abuser, the amount of force used by the perpetrator, the degree of shame felt by the child, and reactions of the child's parents and the professionals who intervene on the child's behalf. Westerlund (1992) discussed statements made by women concerning anger and ways they believed it influenced their sexuality. Comments included: "I'm tired of pretending to feel sexual and I'm angry at feeling like I've failed as a woman ... I'm angry that I'll never be `normal' sexually, that there will always be ...

Maria Reynolds and the First U.S. Political Sex Scandal

Maria Reynolds and the First U.S. Political Sex Scandal Maria Reynolds is best known for her role in the United States first political sex scandal. As the mistress of Alexander Hamilton, Maria was the subject of much gossip and speculation, and she ultimately found herself embroiled in a blackmail scheme. Fast Facts: Maria Reynolds Known For: Mistress of Alexander Hamilton, an affair that led to the publication of the Reynolds Pamphlet and the United States first sex scandalBorn: March 30, 1768 in New York, New YorkParents: Richard Lewis, Susanna Van Der BurghSpouse(s): James Reynolds, Jacob Clingman, Dr. Mathew (first name unknown)Died: March 25, 1828 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Early Life Maria was born in New York City to middle-class parents. Not much is known about her early life. Her father, Richard Lewis, was a merchant and itinerant laborer, and her mother Susanna Van Der Burgh had been married once before. (Of note, Susanna’s sixth great-grandson would become President George W. Bush.) Although Maria wasn’t formally educated,  her letters to Hamilton show that she was marginally literate. In 1783, when Maria was fifteen, her parents consented to her marriage to James Reynolds, several years her senior, and two years later she gave birth to their daughter, Susan. The couple moved from New York to Philadelphia at some point between 1785 and 1791. James had served during the Revolutionary War as a commissary agent, alongside his father, David. In addition, he had a pattern of filing claims with the government for damages and losses accrued during the war. In one letter to George Washington, dated 1789, James Reynolds asked for a land grant. The Hamilton Affair During the summer of 1791, Maria, then twenty-three years old, approached Hamilton in Philadelphia. She asked for help, saying James had abused and then abandoned her for another woman. She begged Hamilton, who was thirty-four and married, for financial assistance so that she could return to New York with her daughter. Hamilton agreed to deliver money to her, and promised to stop by Maria’s boarding house to drop it off. Once Hamilton arrived at Maria’s Philadelphia lodgings, she led him to her bedroom, and the affair began. The affair continued for the summer and fall of that year, while Hamilton’s wife and son were visiting family in upstate New York. At some point, Maria informed Hamilton that James sought a reconciliation, to which she had agreed, although she had no intention of ending the affair. She then arranged for Hamilton to meet James, who wanted a position in the Treasury Department. Hamilton refused, and indicated that he no longer wanted to be involved with Maria, at which point she wrote again, saying her husband had found out about their relationship. Soon, Reynolds himself was sending angry letters to Hamilton, demanding money. In December 1791, Hamilton paid Reynolds $1,000 - a staggering sum at that time - and ended the affair with Maria. However, a month later, Reynolds surfaced again, and this time invited Hamilton to renew his romantic attentions towards Maria; she also encouraged Hamilton’s visits. Each time, Hamilton sent Reynolds money. This continued until June 1792, when Reynolds was arrested and charged with forgery and fraudulently purchasing pensions from Revolutionary War veterans. From jail, Reynolds continued to write Hamilton, who refused to send the couple any further payments. The Scandal Once Maria and James Reynolds realized there was to be no further income from Hamilton, it wasn’t long before whispers of scandal got back to Congress. Reynolds hinted at public misconduct, promising to testify against Hamilton, but instead vanished after being released from jail. By then, though, the damage was done, and the truth about the affair with Maria was the talk of the town. Worried that accusations of financial misdeeds could destroy his political hopes, Hamilton decided to come clean about the affair. In 1797, he wrote what would become known as the Reynolds Pamphlet, in which he detailed the relationship with Maria and the blackmail by her husband. He maintained that his wrongdoing was adultery, not financial malfeasance: â€Å"My real crime is an amorous connection with his wife, for a considerable time with his privity and connivance, if not originally brought on by a combination between the husband and wife with the design to extort money from me.† Once the pamphlet was released, Maria became a social pariah. She had divorced Reynolds in absentia in 1793, and remarried; her second husband was a man named Jacob Clingman, who was implicated along with Reynolds in the pension speculation scheme. To escape further public humiliation, Maria and Clingman left for England in late 1797. Later Years There are no details about Maria’s life in England, but when she returned to the United States years later, it was without Clingman. It is unknown whether he died, she divorced him, or she simply left. Regardless, she was using the name Maria Clement for a time, and worked as a housekeeper to a physician named Dr. Mathew, whom she later married. Her daughter Susan came to live with them, and enjoyed some degree of social status with her mother’s new marriage. In her later years, Maria cultivated respectability and found solace in religion. She died in 1828. Sources Alberts, Robert C. â€Å"The Notorious Affair Of Mrs. Reynolds.† American Heritage, Feb. 1973, www.americanheritage.com/content/notorious-affair-mrs-reynolds.Chernow, Ron (2004). Alexander Hamilton. Penguin Books.Hamilton, Alexander. â€Å"Founders Online: Draft of the ‘Reynolds Pamphlet’, [25 August 1797].† National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration, founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-21-02-0138-0001#ARHN-01-21-02-0138-0001-fn-0001.Swenson, Kyle. â€Å"Americas First Hush Money Scandal: Alexander Hamiltons Torrid Affair with Maria Reynolds.† The Washington Post, WP Company, 23 Mar. 2018, www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/03/23/americas-first-hush-money-scandal-alexander-hamiltons-torrid-affair-with-maria-reynolds/?noredirectonutm_term.822b16f784ea.

Caveman Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Caveman Project - Research Paper Example These materials might involve stones, wood, or materials for basket weaving. As these materials exist in the wild as raw and not broken down to manageable portions, the individual must then transport them home so that they can be broken down and converted into useable tools and devices for production. For instance, if one is attempting to make a spear they must first ensure that the stone they procured from the journey was grinded down to a level where it could be attached to the spear. During this process if the stone is chipped or broken to a too large extent, then the entire process of gaining the materials must be accomplished again. In terms of fashioning the spear, one must also attend to the wood part. Rather than simply buying wood from a store, the individual must find a tree or sticks that have been discarded. This is a harder task that might be originally assumed as the wood must be of considerable strength and be able to withstand the blunt force pressure of hunting. In t he process of combining the spear and the stone arrow they must be done so with incredible delicacy as a mistake in this department will surely cause the entire process to be have to gone through again. It’s worth noting in these regards that one must recognize the artistry and skill of the cavemen, as it takes more than brute force and knowledge to construct such weaponry. While cavemen are generally thought of as brutes, it’s clear that in order to find subsistence and survival they must also have a variety of subtle and fine-tuned skills. One of these skills one can consider is the nature of basket weaving. Baskets were a central aspect of... While cavemen are generally thought of as brutes, it’s clear that in order to find subsistence and survival they must also have a variety of subtle and fine-tuned skills. One of these skills one can consider is the nature of basket weaving. Baskets were a central aspect of pre-historic life, as they allowed individuals to transport foodstuffs and materials from one region to another. StillÐ ± the actual production of these objects was one of great challenge and skill. As elucidated above, individuals must first collect the materials to construct these objects, which is a laborious process unto itself. In terms of the basket-weaving the proper palm-fronds must be gathered and then taken back to the village or area of gathering. At this point, the caveman must go through an elaborate process of construction where they are interweaved within each other to form a structural whole. While this occurred four thousand years ago, one recognizes that the skills involved in this process are advanced to the point that most individuals today would be at a loss for the means by which they are accomplished.

Legal issues and concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Legal issues and concepts - Essay Example The concept of malpractice was related to the medical profession in 1768 by Sir William Blackstone, who defined mala praxis or bad practice to include, "Injuries... by the neglect or unskillful [sic] management of [a person's] physician, surgeon, or apothecary... because it breaks the trust which the party had placed in his physician, and tends to the patient's destruction2." Tort law comes into play whenever one person harms another. Tort derives from a Latin word which means twisted. Therefore, a tort is an act that has been twisted from the benchmark or is in other words a wrong. The objective of the legal system in resolving torts is to restore the plaintiff to his previous condition; however this can prove to be impossible in many medical situations. If this is not possible, then money is awarded to compensate for the damages that the defendant caused the plaintiff. In the mid 19th century, physicians strived to obtain for medicine the status of a profession, arguing that physicians and patients were not peers and, hence their relationship should not be judged under the contract law. This change in status enabled medicine to obtain the licensing laws sought by physicians of the period. However, it also served to force malpractices into the sphere of torts, which are vaguer, easily manipulated and more subject to interpretation. A malpractice tort comprises of four criteria, first, duty to treat; second, deviation from the standard of care; third, damages; and finally, the causation of damages by the deviation, which is also known as proximate cause. Success in a malpractice action requires the plaintiff to establish that the defendant has met all the four criteria otherwise the defendant will not be held to be guilty of malpractice. Depending on the state, additional criteria might be required for allowing a case to go to a jury trial. The term duty refers to a duty to provide the standard of care, which is established when the physician patient relationship is created. It refers to the duty to show the required skill, care, and diligence that a prudent physician would have shown under similar circumstances. In the emergency department (ED), the physician and patient have no choice in choosing the relationship. The federal Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)3 applies to EDs requires emergency physicians (EP) and hospitals to provide medical screening examination in all emergency cases, regardless of that person's paying capacity. Under EMTALA, ED and emergency medicine (EM) physicians have to provide care, whereas private practitioners need not do so. Since, EMTALA has unequivocally established the duty of a hospital and EM physician towards the patient, the premise of duty is an uncommon contention in EM malpractice cases. Causation in technical cases, like those involving medical practice can prove to be abstruse for a layperson. Further, confusion is caused by the differences between medical causation and the legal concept of causation. Legal causation or proximate cause refers to the single causative factor of injury. The defendant physician is liable for injuries if they had been of an anticipated nature. In Falcon v Memorial Hospital4, a woman after childbirth had an amniotic embolism and died due to non provision of an intravenous line, which according to the testimony, would have given her 37.5% chance to survive. The court held that this had resulted in the patient being deprived of a chance to survive