Television Violence Essay -- essays research papers fc

Television violence and its effects on viewers has been a controversial issue for many years. Some viewers believe that at that place is an increasingly large enumerate of violence on tv set and this widespread public concern has "led to calls for stricter controls on the depiction of violence in programmes" (Gunter and McAleer 199092). on the nose how very much violence is there on television though? Many cultivation theorists have studied this, acquiring data in the form of sum analysis. They agree on a definition of a violent act, for example Gerbner in his study used the definition, "an overt expression of physical force against egotism or other, compelling action against ones will on pain of being hurt or killed, or genuinely hurting or killing" (Gunter and McAleer 199094). This is an impersonal definition that can then be used to count the number of violent acts in whatever is being observed. Halloran and Croll (1972) used this technique to establish t he amount of violence on British television in simile with that of American television. For one week in April 1971, they observed the news, fictional drama, current affairs and documentaries on BBC1 and ITV Midlands and counted the number of violent incidents using Gerbners definition of violence. It was found that on average, 56% of British programmes contained some violence with four incidents of violence per hour. This was in comparison with American television which contained some seven incidents of violence per hour and where it was considerably more prevalent than on British television (Gunter and McAleer 199097). Focusing now on British television and violence, we can analyse Guy Cumberbatchs research on television violence in 1987. He looked at all types of television programme focusing on four separate weeks between May and September 1986. All four channels were reviewed, totalling 1412 hours of television (930 BBC programmes and 1146 ITV and channel four programmes). He f ound, using his own definitions of a violent act, that 30% of all programmes contained some violence with an average of 1.14 acts of violence per programme (Gross 1992455). It was also found that there was much more violence on television after 9pm and that violence was rare in childrens television programmes other than cartoons. It has been questioned however whether the violence in cartoons should actually b... ...er factors have also shown to be influential in this cause and effect relationship between television violence and violent behaviour. Such factors as age, gender, enate influence and amount of viewing contribute to how influential television violence is on an individuals behaviour. Findings are still however inconclusive in this debate, although a large proportion of the evidence does appear to strongly favour the hypothesis that viewing violence on television does have an effect on a viewers violent behaviour. As a Washington Post article states "the preponderance of evidence from more than 3000 research studies over 2 decades shows that the violence portrayed on television influences the attitudes and behaviour of children who watch it" (Oldenburg 1992 cited at http//maple.lemoyne.edu/hevern/ericdig.html). BibliographyCondry, J. (1989) The Psychology of Television. New Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum. Gross, R. (1992) Psychology The Science of Mind and Behaviour. capital of the United Kingdom Hodder and Stoughton. Gunter, B. and McAleer, J. (1997) Children and Television. London Routledge. Van Evra, J. (1990) Television and Child Development. New Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum.

Mountain Meadows Massacre and the Supernatural :: Juanita Brooks Historian History Essays

Mountain Meadows Massacre and the SupernaturalWorks Cited MissingJuanita Brooks has her work set out for her she take to explain a historical event that has long been ignored and lied about. She must avoid sounding biased and present herself as a honorable historian. One of her challenges in this undertaking is how she should deal with the large amounts of supernaturalism surrounding the Mountain Meadows Massacre. Although she does periodically use some supernatural accounts for spectacular evidence and to take her own hypothesis in small amounts, Brooks typically discredits the supernatural aspects (both folkloric and religious) of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, While Brooks is capable of dismissing the supernatural in folklore traditions, and also in her own religion, she does sometimes lapse into giving ear to supernaturalism. Frequently this is for effect, such as while describing a Mormon woman living in idolatry of the mobs in Illinois who feels a heavy foreboding of evil a nd flees, joining other wagonsall impelled by the certainty that to remain long would mean expiry (8). Brooks doesnt dismiss this prompting as a superstitious story but as a factual experience. Likely for the same dramatic effect, she includes that Brigham Young, whom she by and by evaluates as a man and not a prophet, had predicted that if our enemies would give us ten historic period unmolested we would never be driven again. Well, the ten years were up, ten years to the day (18). As a historian writing a book for lay people, Brooks may be excused for these inclusions of dramatic intent however she makes the mistake in including supernatural evidence in her defense of John D. Lee. She relates how when a little girl was gravely sick, Lee kneeled by her bed and prayed for her. He promised her that she should live and become a mother in Israel. She was instantly healed (203). Brooks relates a second related account. Lee promised other sick girl that she should live to be a mothe r in Israel. She grew up to womanhoodand has sixteen children (204). These supernatural stories are not qualified at all, but left to stand on their own before Brooks informs us that descendents of Lee feel that he was a great and good man-a diseased person (204). These two recollections may also serve a dramatic purpose, but the acceptance of faith healing by an individual she defends weakens Brooks objectivity as a historian.

Family Day Essay -- essays research papers

Family DayWhen I was around 6, I had gotten out of church exhausting my nice church clothes with a tie, shoes, dressy pants, and a blazer. I was with my mom, dadaism, brother, and sister, who all had on church clothes too. My sister had the same things my mom had on, a unappeasable long skirt with an expensive white shirt. My brother and dad had on the same thing too black shoes, navy blue pants, black bowtie and white shirt. I was the only one with a blazer on. My siblings and I were really happy we all went to church together, so I guess my dad was happy because of that, only if he had a tired look on his face too.After church, my parents decided we should go to the botanical gardens and spend the rest of the twenty-four hours there. My dad had an old Chevy that sounded pretty good it got us where we needed to go. It had some rust on the edges here and there, but all and all it was a good running car. The inside smelled akin pine because my dad washed the car that mourning a nd he always bought a freshener to make it smell like that. I never knew why he liked that smell because I hated it it always got me sick in that car, but today I didnt mind because we were going to have a fun time in the Botanical Gardens.The Botanical Gardens had a parking lot in front but you had to pay to get in. My dad was too cheap to pay, so he just parked it outside th...

Ambition and Passion :: Personal Experience, Descriptive

Essays -Ambition and Passion I go to camp every year and allow myself to love people, dreading the day when I will direct to depart from them. I claw at each moment, attempting to hold on to time. I do this even though I know from the beginning that as soon as I enter I will be hurled towards the last day, towards the end, towards good-bye. And it breaks my center. Yet every year, Im just so grateful to have had my heart broken. If there is one secret to living life it is passion passionate love, passionate hate, passionate hope, passionate joy, passionate work, passionate play, passionate pain and despair. tonus things to the tips of your fingertips, to the center of your soul. Its the only way that youll get something worth getting out of life. Its the only way that youll realize everything that Ive attempted to tell you in this letter, because heaven knows that I am merely giving you words, not experience. Live your life so that you may, in the end, be able to sit around a t able and eat, drink, and be merry with your family and friends and tell stories. Thats where your happiness is, in the ability to laugh at your life and cling to it dearly at the same time. The only people for me be the mad ones, the ones mad to live, mad to talk, mad to be saved, desirous of everything at the same time, the ones who never yawn or say a commonplace thing, nevertheless burn, burn, burn like fabulous yellow roman candles.

Essay --

Herman Melvilles novel Moby Dick can be take on as a green novel because Melville brought up in 1851 what we would still consider ecological issues today. Melville was not afraid to cause a little affray in his time, especially when talking about whaling, and so with whaling comes the discussion of the health of marine life. Even though Melville plays with controversial topics all throughout the novel such(prenominal) as religion, freewill, and equity, another theme emphasized in the book is, of course, about the whales and marine life. The novel is set during the early to mid 1800s in New Bedford, the largest whaling user interface at the time. Melville plunges the reader deep into the controversial industry we recognize as whaling by making the novel revolve around one task getting revenge on Moby Dick, the white whale. Even by just initially setting the stage of Moby Dick in New Bedford, Melville prepared for commenting on the whaling industry. By pushing limits and by publis hing one of the first criticisms and explorations of the whaling industry, Melville turns Moby Dick into a layered novel, in which issues concerning nature are a significant layer. Melville recognizes what the slaughter of whales is enacting and by utilizing his words, text, and language, Melville recognizes a larger global movement and issue. What began as a farming settlement that found success in maritime, federal agenty industries and the manufacturing of lights came to be considered the wealthiest port and the city that lit the world. This was the small town of New Bedford, Massachusetts, where amazing quantities of whale oil came from in the early 19th century. However, New Bedfords success also lead to its decline due to competitors and a decline in manufacturing aft... ..., 20 thousand or more blue whales were killed, and at the same time, the North Pacific color in whale population was reduced form 15-20,000 whales to a couple thousand (Estes 303). The problem with wha les however, is that so little is known about the effects and consequences of whaling both to the termination of the remaining population of whales and on the depletion of the populations effect on the environment (Estes 1).What little we do know, however, is that patterns of declining marine mammal populations, such as populations of pinnipeds and sea otters, have emerged in nature right after the deterioration of whaling in the North Pacific. It is theorized that a shift in diet and food webs is the major factor to the patterns of declining marine populations since food webs and predatory to prey interactions are critical for abundance and healthy population (Estes 2, 67).

Citizen Soldiers :: essays research papers

Citizen SoldiersFrom the beaches of Normandy to the German surrender. That is the length of the fight that Citizen Soldiers covers. It talks about personal stories and experiences from the private on the ground to the generals at the top. The book tells of the trials and tribulations of fighting a war far away from home and in many cases little knowledge of what the objectives ar and were the war is headed.The stories told in the book range from Lt. Waverly Wrays assault on the German hedges the day after landing at Normandy, to Sgt. Edgar Lauritsens accounts of German infiltration techniques.When Sgt. Lauritsen was manning a checkpoint on December 21, 1944, his CP was being shelled by a German tank. Just then two jeeploads of soldiers in American uniforms pulled up. There were nine of them. One a captain and the rest in enlisted uniforms. They pulled up, got out of the jeeps and began walking well-nigh a house near the checkpoint toward the German lines. Sgt. Lauritsen got suspic ious, so he asked the captain what unit he was with. When the captain replied with slight difficulty pronouncing his unit, he was shot in the back. Unfortunately, the eight men with him grabbed him and dragged the shot captain back to German lines. Stories like this are found throughout the book. These stories show how evasive and seemingly overly driven there enemy was. Although the book has many accounts of what general did this on that day, it merely helps paint the big picture of what was happening. The truly interesting parts of the book are where the young enlisted men tell their stories of what happened down in trench or at their machinegun bunker. Because of these men, America was able win the war on both fronts.In closing, this book is a good book to read if you want to learn about actual historical accounts of what happened down on the ground.

Friendship Through the Years :: Friendship Essay Personal Narrative

Friendship Through the YearsTwo sets of twins live in the house cattycorner to mine. All four are girls, and exclusively four are in diapers. The oldest set of twins, Michelle and Caitlin, are my age, and we quickly become playmates. Caitlin has striking red hair that drapes the bottom of her shoulder blades. She is so outgoing she would remonstrate with a hobo on the street if her mother were not there to stop her. Michelle, on the other hand, is quieter and more reserved. She is an inch or two shorter than the kids her age, and lacks the federal agency that dominates her sisters personality. She clings to me. Her shy personality coincides with my bold and adventurous one. She willingly becomes my sidekick, and joins me in numerous neighborhood adventures. We travel the grassy plains, and trek across the muddy rivers, stopping moreover for the occasional diaper change, and the pacifiers that fall behind. Our friendship is uncommon, exciting, and pure, but I am too young to treas ure this rare gift that God has given me. It is premiere grade, and not has much changed. Michelles short stature has only grown more apparent, and the increasing number of people surrounding her has become overwhelming. She clutches onto me, too frightened to meet her taller, bolder classmates. At recess, Michelle and I select the multicolor us that link together to capture chains. We plop ourselves down on the gray, matted carpet and begin to make necklaces and bracelets. Something makes us chuckle, and before you know it we are grabbing at our sides with laughter pains. Michelle laughs so hard that she pees all over our beautiful creations that we, and the classroom, left on the floor. Her angelic grinning turns immediately into an expressionless stare. I look into her puppy eyes and watch tear after tear streak down her cheeks into the pee that surrounds her. I deficiency to take that pain away from her. I want all those small, watchful eyes in the class to glare at me inst ead of innocent weensy Michelle. It is sixth grade and the Green Springs Special Chorus, which Michelle and I are a part of, is going to the junior high school to sing. Our choir is singing mid-seventies music, and we are required to wear seventies clothes. Michelle and I are matching from head to toe. Our attire consists of blue felt poodle skirts, white shirts, black scarves, and starch-white Keds shoes.